Lecture - 14:15 

Tobias Friedrich - HPI, Universität Potsdam 

Distributed Processes on Scale-Free Networks

Abstract: 
The node degrees of large real-world networks often follow a power-law distribution. Such scale-free networks can be social networks, internet topologies, the web graph, power grids, or many other networks from literally hundreds of domains. The talk will introduce three mathematical models of scale-free networks (preferential attachment graphs, Chung-Lu graphs, hyperbolic random graphs) and analyze some of their properties. We then study three distributed processes and algorithms on these network models (rumor spreading, load balancing, de-anonymization) and present several open problems. The talk assumes no prior knowledge about scale-free networks or distributed computing. 

Colloquium - 16:00 

Fidaa Abed - Technische Universität Berlin 

Optimal Coordination Mechanisms for Multi-Job Scheduling Games

Abstract: 
We consider the unrelated machine scheduling game in which players control subsets of jobs. Each player's objective is to minimize the weighted sum of completion time of her jobs, while the social cost is the sum of players' costs. The goal is to design simple processing policies in the machines with small coordination ratio, i.e., the implied equilibria are within a small factor of the optimal schedule. We work with a weaker equilibrium concept that includes that of Nash. 
We first prove that if machines order jobs according to their processing time to weight ratio, a.k.a. Smith-rule, then the coordination ratio is at most 4, moreover this is best possible among nonpreemptive policies. Then we establish our main result. We design a preemptive policy, externality, that extends Smith-rule by adding extra delays on the jobs accounting for the negative externality they impose on other players.. For this policy we prove that the coordination ratio is 1+ φ ≈ 2.618, and complement this result by proving that this ratio is best possible even if we allow for randomization or full information. Finally, we establish that this externality policy induces a potential game and that an ε-equilibrium can be found in polynomial time. An interesting consequence of our results is that an ε-local optima of $R|\,|\sum w_jC_j$ for the jump (a.k.a. move) neighborhood can be found in polynomial time and are within a factor of 2.618 of the optimal solution. The latter constitutes the first direct application of purely game-theoretic ideas to the analysis of a well studied local search heuristic.